Dimroth and reichardts e t 30, kosowers z and mayers a n, as well as with the. The roles of such classical hydrogen donor solvents as tetralin,decahydronaphthalene,dihydrophenanthrene and dihydroanthracene in visbreaking of vacuum residue were examined. For example, water, hydrogen in inorganic matter18 and methane, formic acid, cycloalkyl aromatic compounds such as. Of course, water is capable of acting as both an acceptor and as a donor. Hydrogendonor solvent thermal cracking takes place not in. It allows to increase the yield of light products and simultaneously reduce the content of sulfur in them pivovarova et al. Visbreaking of heavy residual oil is carried out at high severity in the presence of an organic sulfur compound containing a thiol group and a highly aromatic hydrogen donor material having h a r and h hydrogen contents each of at least 20% of the total hydrogen content.
Oxygeninduced cracking distillation of oil in the continuous. Such an interacting system is generally denoted dn. In this hydrogen bond between water and ammonia, ammonia is the hydrogen bond acceptor shown in red, and water is the hydrogen bond donor. Effectiveness of coker gas oil cgo used as industrial hydrogen donors in the visbreaking was revealed. Suppression of coke formation during bitumen pyrolysis. The correlation with e t serves to extend the solvent. In the previous study5, hydrogen donor visbreaking of atmospheric residue derived from natural venezuelan crude oil was investigated. Hydrogen, the simplest element in the universe being composed of only one proton and one electron, makes up the major part of the composition of the universe. The hydrogen is more firmly attached to one of these which is called the hydrogen donor than to the other which is called the hydrogen acceptor. Hydrogen bonds are formed between a hydrogen atom bound to a small, highly electronegative atom and another small, highly electronegative atom. Hydrogen bond acceptor definition of hydrogen bond. What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds a single water molecule can form.
The addition of hydrogen donors, which could delay the onset of coke formation and do favor to. Mild thermal cracking by visbreaking emerged as an important partial. Application of coker gas oil used as industrial hydrogen. Disclosed is a method for accelerating the exchange of hydrogen between a hydrogen donor and a petroleum resid to be subjected to cracking, visbreaking, or coking. Hydrogen donor definition of hydrogen donor by medical. In this hydrogen bond between water and ammonia, water is the hydrogen bond donor shown in red and ammonia is the hydrogen bond acceptor.
Which of the following characteristics makes for a good hydrogen bond acceptor. A bond or molecule that supplies the hydrogen atom of a hydrogen bond. Preparation and characterization of petroleumbased mesophase. The estimated standard deviations on the bond distances are 0. Xh is the hydrogen bond donor shown in red and a is the hydrogen bond acceptor.
Tetrahydronaphthalene was used as the hydrogen donor, and after adding. H bonds of the donor are both weakened and polarized with increasing strength of the respective. Acceleration is effected by incorporating an aqueous solution of ammoniun sulfide into the mixture of donor and resid and subjecting the mixture to a period of heatsoaking at an. Mar 21, 1989 disclosed is a method for accelerating the exchange of hydrogen between a hydrogen donor and a petroleum resid to be subjected to cracking, visbreaking, or coking. Fuel tank package weight and volume is the most challenging aspectof using hydrogen as a. Experimental study on viscosity reduction of heavy oil by. A process for visbreaking a heavy petroleum residual oil in which the oil is subjected to. Hydrogentransferring abilities of different cgo narrow fractions were first analyzed. Phase changes of the two reaction systems were observed by a microscope during the thermal conversion. A hydrogen bond often informally abbreviated hbond is a partial intermolecular bonding interaction between a lone pair on an electron rich donor atom, particularly the secondrow elements nitrogen n, oxygen o, or fluorine f, and the antibonding molecular orbital of a bond between hydrogen h and a more electronegative atom or group.
Typical hydrogen donor materials include fcc main column bottoms, clarified slurry oil and. When such multiple interactions are 5 present, some of the correlations given above may not follow. A is the hydrogen bond acceptor shown in red, and xh is the hydrogen bond donor. Bitumen partial upgrading 2018 whitepaper am0401a alberta innovates prepared by bill keesom, jacobs consultancy technical lead john gieseman, jacobs consultancy project manager march 2018 document title. Crude oil in the presence of formic acid as a hydrogendonor solvent. A bond in which a hydrogen atom is shared by two other atoms.
For four decades, petroleum refining has guided thousands of readers toward a reliable understanding of the field, and through the years has become the standard text in many schools and universities around the world offering petroleum refining classes, for selfstudy, training, and as a reference for industry professionals. For example, water, hydrogen in inorganic matter18 and methane, formic acid, cycloalkyl aromatic compounds such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahy. Hydrogen transferring abilities of different cgo narrow fractions were first analyzed. In addition, reactive hydrogen donors greatly reduce the thermal reaction rate by.
True hydrogen bonds can not form between hydrogen and this element. The conventional way in which we talk about hydrogen bond acceptorsdonors is. The effect of the presence of hydrogen donor diluents on visbreaking vb process performances were examined, performing comparative tests under different. Illustrated glossary of organic chemistry hydrogen bond.
Application of coker gas oil used as industrial hydrogen donors in visbreaking. It reacts rapidly with a carboncentered radical to produce a carbonhydrogen bond and, at the same time, generates the chaintransfer agent bu 3 sn required for successful reaction. Dec 30, 2016 new class of hydrogen sulfide donor molecules backtoback studies unveil the design and ability to program a molecule that could eventually be harnessed to reduce cellular damage common in many. Petroleum science and technology 2014, 32 20, 25062511. Experimental study on viscosity reduction of heavy oil by hydrogen.
They found that the present of hydrogen donor was able to slow down the reaction rate, reduce the viscosity of reaction system and prolong the cokinginduction period. Hydrogen bond acceptor definition of hydrogen bond acceptor. Polar substances are soluble because of their interaction with water. Hydrogen donor solvent thermal cracking takes place not in the presence of. Accelerated cracking of residual oils and hydrogen donation. Specifically, hydrogen donor and acceptor atoms must be within the cutoff distance of 2. Hydrogen donor visbreaking of venezuelan vacuum residue. The results show that, in contrast with conventional visbreaking. New class of hydrogen sulfide donor molecules sciencedaily. Hydrogenbond donor strength and acceptor capability. Oct 07, 1986 these examples compare the results of a conventional visbreaking operation 500 ert seconds at 427 c. As a transportation and portable fuel, hydrogen has one challenging disadvantage. On the earths surface, hydrogen exists as a compound with other elements such as oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. The donor is a hydrogen atom bonded to a less electronegative atom than hydrogen.
Request pdf application of coker gas oil used as industrial hydrogen donors in visbreaking effectiveness of coker gas oil cgo used as industrial hydrogen donors in the visbreaking was revealed. A new method of measuring the donor hydrogen concentration and reactivity relative to tetralin was devised using dehydrogenation by 2. It reacts rapidly with a carboncentered radical to produce a carbonhydrogen bond and, at the same time, generates the chaintransfer. Nonpolar substances associate with water to maximize their exposed surface area. Hydrogen donor visbreaking and conventional visbreaking processes of vacuum residue of venezuelan synthetic crude oil were investigated in an autoclave. Accelerated cracking of residual oils and hydrogen. Hydrogenatom donors are widely used in radical reactions because hydrogen abstraction. See for example chem libretexts, or this other question on hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen donor definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Asphaltenes were capable of donating hydrogen at temperatures as low as 250. Petroleum resids were found to contain high concentrations of natural hydrogen donors, and more are generated during thermolysis from substituted naphthenes in the resid. Application of coker gas oil used as industrial hydrogen donors in. We found that during sonication in the absence of a hydrogen donor, the viscosity of the vacuum residuum is reduced by 10. Atomic orbitals atomic spectra when gaseous hydrogen in a glass tube is excited by a 5000volt electrical discharge, four lines are observed in the visible part of the emission spectrum.
Hydrogen atom transfer hat a concerted movement of proton and an electron i. It revealed that the effect of the hydrogendonor solvents could be ranked as dihydrophenanthrene. Upgrading vacuum residuum by combined sonication and. Bitumen partial upgrading 2018 whitepaper alberta innovates. The fraction of 350420c hdii turned out to be the best selection as hydrogen donors and then we did visbreaking experimental tests. Impact of solvent deasphalting and visbreaking sequence. A process according to claim 5 in which the hydrogen donor is a clarified slurry oil, a cycle oil. Typical hydrogen donor materials include fcc main column bottoms, clarified slurry oil and light cycle oils. Hydrovisbreaking, which is thermal hydrocracking, is a process of thermal cracking in the presence of hydrogen. The process chemistry was demonstrated first using model olefin and hydrogen donor mixtures, then using model olefin and asphaltenes mixtures, and finally using industrially cracked. Roles of hydrogen donor in visbreaking of vacuum residue. It is applied in industry and in organic synthesis, in part because of the inconvenience and expense of using gaseous h 2.
Hydro visbreaking, which is thermal hydrocracking, is a process of thermal cracking in the presence of hydrogen. A common noncovalent intermolecular interaction found in many molecules is the hydrogen bond. Hydrogen release compound hrc, a slow release organic hydrogen donor, primarily consisting of a polylactate ester, chemical oxygen scavengers reducing agents in solution with essential nutrients orthophosphate and nitrogen compounds, vitamin stimulants b2 and b12 delivered via the compressed gas n 2, so as not to oxygenate an. Transfer hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen h 2.
Preparation and characterization of petroleumbased. Visbreaking process mobil oil corporation freepatentsonline. As useful a concept as this has been, it was unable to explain why nh 3, which contains no oh ions, is a base and not an acid, why a solution of fecl 3 is acidic, or why a. The effect of hydrogen donor additive on the viscosity of heavy oil. Under the studied operating conditions and with either 5 or 12. The roles of such classical hydrogendonor solvents as tetralin,decahydronaphthalene,dihydrophenanthrene and dihydroanthracene in visbreaking of vacuum residue were examined. The proposed olefin saturation process employs thermally induced hydrogen transfer from asphaltenes as a hydrogen source to saturate olefins in cracked naphtha. Request pdf petroleum residue upgradation via visbreaking. The acceptor has a relative negative charge, and, as unlike charges attract each other, a bond is formed to the hydrogen atom. Olefin saturation using asphaltenes as a hydrogen source. Our results suggest the formation of palladium hydride pdh via hydrogen transfer from the hydrogen donor to the palladium catalyst. Hydrogen donor ability da and acceptor ability aa of. The effectiveness of solvents as hydrogen bond donors. The viscosity and stability of hydrogen donor visbroken oil had met the requirements of shipping kinematic viscosity at 50ic is not higher than 380 mm2s and spot rank is lower than no.
Extensive pilot plant tests have been conducted with canmetenergys continuous pilot plant pp5 and batch autoclave pp8 units to study and demonstrate the hdonor assisted visbre. It revealed that the effect of the hydrogen donor solvents could be ranked as dihydrophenanthrene. The concept of hydrogen donor assisted visbreaking using sco was tested in these runs under different operating conditions and with feedstocks having different bitumensco blending ratios. Hydrogen bonds are formed between a hydrogen atom bound to a small, highly electronegative atom and another small, highly electronegative atom with an unshared electron pair.
Vacuum residuum was upgraded in an ultrasonic reactor of our own design. Heavy petroleum oils such as resids are subjected to visbreaking in the presence of a hydroaromatic hydrogen donor solvent having an aromatic and alphatoaromatic proton content each of at least 20 percent of the total solvent hydrogen. However, when there is no hydrogen donor additive in the reaction system, the viscosity of the reacted oil. The latter approach has extensively been used in direct coal liquefaction. One large scale application of transfer hydrogenation is coal liquefaction using donor solvents such as tetralin. New class of hydrogen sulfide donor molecules backtoback studies unveil the design and ability to program a molecule that could eventually. Safety aspects of hydrogen at low and high velocity. Although nbu3snh is a great hydrogen atom donor bde 78 kcalmol, its toxicity is a wellknown problem and it can be difficult to purify nbu3snx byproducts away from the desired product. To be specific, gas and coke yield in hydrogen donor visbreaking are less than that in visbreaking by 0. All the runs conducted had reasonable mass balances within 1005%.
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